orto-skills/build/orto-fitopatologo/SKILL.md

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name: orto-fitopatologo description: Diagnose crop diseases and recommend organic treatments. Use when: (1) user reports symptoms on crops (leaf spots, wilting, insects, etc.), (2) generating preventive treatment schedule for season, (3) selecting biological treatments with safety constraints (DPI, timing, carency periods), (4) logging treatments in audit trail. Outputs: Diagnosis markdown with pathogen ID and confidence, treatment plan with timing and safety notes, preventive monitoring schedule.

Orto Fitopatologo — Disease Diagnosis & Organic Treatments

Diagnose plant diseases and recommend organic/biological treatments with safety constraints.

When to Use This Skill

• Reactive: User reports symptoms (leaf damage, wilting, insects, etc.)
• Preventive: Generate seasonal treatment schedule for high-risk crops (Pomodoro → peronospora)
• Treatment selection: Choose organic option matching safety/timing constraints
• Risk assessment: Evaluate disease pressure & confidence before recommending action

Process

Phase 1: Symptom Collection & Initial Filtering

User provides:

• Crop name (es. "Pomodoro")
• Symptom description (es. "Foglie gialle con macchie scure, bagnate")
• Location (es. "A1, 5 piante")
• Onset (es. "Ultimi 3-4 giorni")
• Conditions observed (es. "Umidità alta, pioggia notturna frequente")

Filter candidates from malattie_trattamenti.md:

Symptom	Coltura	Patogeno Candidate	Confidence
Macchie giallo-brune, margine indefinito	Pomodoro	Peronospora (Phytophthora)	0.70
		Alternaria (Alternaria solani)	0.60
		Stemphylium	0.30

Phase 2: Diagnostic Tree

Ask clarifying questions:

1. Localizzazione foglia: Bassa/media/alta canopia? (Peronospora bassa; Oidio alta)
2. Aspetto lato foglia: Dorso sporco? Pagina inferiore muffa? (Peronospora = dorso sporco)
3. Progressione veloce? (Peronospora rapida; Alternaria lenta)
4. Temperatura/umidità: >80% RH, T 15-25°C? (Peronospora loves this)
5. Fragranza: Odore marcio? (Marciume batterico)

Example output:

Q: Foglie interessate bassa canopia? Sì
Q: Dorso foglia sporco? Sì
Q: Umidità alta ricorrente? Sì
Q: Progressione veloce? Sì

→ DIAGNOSIS SCORE: Peronospora 0.92 (Very High)

Phase 3: Confidence Scoring & Risk Assessment

Calculate confidence:

base_score = sum(matching_features) / total_features

e.g., 4 matching / 4 asked = 1.0 → 0.92 (internal penalty for uncertainty)

If confidence < 0.60: Flag as uncertain; recommend expert photo review

Risk assessment:

• Confidence: 0.92 (Very High) → Treat
• Severity: 5 piante su 40 pomodori (12.5%) → Low spread risk, early intervention
• Urgency: Pioggia prevista domani (alta umidità continua) → IMMEDIATE action

Phase 4: Treatment Recommendation

For each candidate pathogen, retrieve from malattie_trattamenti.md:

Treatment	Active	DPI	Timing	Carency	Efficacy	Notes
Rame (fungicida)	Cupric oxide	Gloves, respir	Pre/early	14 gg	75%	Preventivo migliore
Zolfo	Zolfo micronizzato	Gloves	Pre/early	7 gg	60%	OK oidio; meno peronospora
Bacillus subtilis	Bio fungicida	None	Early stage	0 gg	50%	Limitato; provare subito
Neem oil	Azadirachtin	Gloves	Evening	7 gg	40%	Last resort

Selection logic:

IF confidence > 0.85 AND urgency HIGH:
  → Recommend rame (highest efficacy, preventivo)
  → Check DPI disponibili (gloves, respirator se spray)
  → Advise timing: Sera (no sole direct), T < 25°C

ELIF confidence 0.70-0.85 AND severity LOW:
  → Suggest monitoring first (2-3 gg)
  → If spreading: escalate to rame
  → Try Bacillus subtilis (bio-friendly, low risk)

ELIF confidence < 0.60:
  → Advise expert consult (photo to agronomist)
  → Meanwhile: improve conditions (areazione, reduce umidità)

Phase 5: Preventive Schedule

For high-risk crops (es. Pomodoro in zona umida):

PREVENTIVE CALENDAR (Bio):

**June (Inizio stagione, giovani piante):**
- Week 1-2: Nessun trattamento (piante robuste giovani)
- Week 3: Primo trattamento preventivo (rame 5g/L) se pioggia frequente

**July (Peak risk: caldo + umidità notturna):**
- Weekly spray rame (Monday) — timing: sera post-pioggia
- Alternare con Bacillus subtilis (Thursday) — rotation per resistenza

**August:**
- Mantenere cadenza settimanale (caldo high, umidità notturna)

**September-October:**
- Ridurre (temperature calano, umidità meno propizia)
- Spray PRN (if symptom seen)

**Logistica:**
- Stock: 500g rame micronizzato (stagione, ~€8)
- Spray: Pompa manuale 5L (reusable, €15)
- Time: 30 min/settimana

Phase 6: Output Diagnosi & Trattamenti

File: dati/trattamenti/diagnosi_problemi.md

# Diagnosi Problemi — [ORTO_ID]

**Date:** [TODAY]  
**Reporter:** [USER_NAME]  

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## Diagnosi #1 — Pomodoro Peronospora (2026-03-XX)

### Descrizione Sintomi
- Coltura: Pomodoro (20 piante, A1)
- Sintomi osservati: Foglie gialle, macchie scure irregolari, dorso sporco grigio-bianco
- Zona: Bassa canopia (foglie inferiori) → superiore
- Onset: 3-4 giorni fa
- Velocità progressione: Veloce (aumenta daily)

### Condizioni Ambientali
- Umidità: 85-90% (alta)
- Temperatura: 18-22°C (ideale peronospora)
- Precipitazione: Pioggia notturna, 2-3 giorni precedenti
- Ventilazione: Mediocre (spalliera fitta)

### Diagnostic Scoring

| Feature | Match | Weight | Score |
|---------|-------|--------|-------|
| Macchie foglia bassa | ✓ | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Dorso sporco grigio | ✓ | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Umidità alta | ✓ | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Temp 15-25°C | ✓ | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Fog gialle (stress) | ✓ | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| | **TOTAL** | | **0.90** |

### **DIAGNOSIS: Peronospora (Phytophthora infestans) — Confidence 0.90 (Very High)**

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## Raccomandazioni Trattamento

### Azione Immediata (Oggi)

1. **Isolare zona:** Mark A1 (quarantine mentally; no spread other zones)

2. **Rimozione foglie infette:**
   - Strappa tutte foglie gialle-macchiate (bassa canopia)
   - Destina compost/rifiuti (NON suolo orto)
   - Disinfetta cesoie (alcol 70%) tra piante

3. **Spray preventivo (sera, domani):**
   - **Prodotto:** Rame micronizzato, 5g/L acqua
   - **Dosaggio:** 1 L spray per 10 m² (A1 = 15m², serve 1.5L)
   - **Timing:** Domani sera 18:30, T < 20°C, no sole diretto
   - **Copertua:** Interamente (dorso foglia importante)
   - **DPI:** Gloves + respir (rame polvere irritante)
   - **Carency:** 14 gg (no raccolta prima)
   - **Efficacy:** 75% (prevenzione > cura)

4. **Condition improvement:**
   - **Ventilazione:** Pota rami inferiori (aria circola)
   - **Umidità:** Irrigazione mattina (no sera; riduce umidità notturna)
   - **Spacing:** Aumenta distanze tra piante (areazione)

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### Preventive Schedule Pomodoro (Stagione)

**A partire da giugno (nuovo ciclo):**

| Settimana | Azione | Prodotto | Timing | Note |
|-----------|--------|----------|--------|------|
| 1-2 | Nessuno | - | - | Piante giovani, vigore alto |
| 3+ | Preventivo | Rame 5g/L | Lunedì | Cadenza settimanale |
| Alternato | Bio-rotation | Bacillus subtilis | Giovedì | Resistenza crociata |
| Post-pioggia | Extra spray | Rame | +1 gg pioggia | Umidità propizia |

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### Costi & Logistica

- **Rame:** €8 (500g, stagione)
- **Spray:** €15 (pompa manuale, one-time)
- **Tempo:** 30 min/trattamento × 12-15 trattamenti = 6-8 ore/stagione
- **Total cost:** ~€23 (one-time, poi ~€5/anno ricaricare rame)

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## Monitoraggio (Follow-up)

**Prossimi 7 giorni:**

- [ ] **Giorno 1 (Oggi):** Rimozione foglie, spray sera
- [ ] **Giorno 3:** Verifica se new symptomi → successful
- [ ] **Giorno 7:** Secondo spray (rame OR Bacillus rotation)
- [ ] **Giorno 14:** Inizio raccolta (carency passato rame, 14 gg)

**Success criterion:** No new leaf symptoms by day 5

**If spreading:**
- Escalate to more frequent spray (2-3x/week)
- Consider removing heavily affected plants (if <10% piante)
- Consult expert if confidence < 0.60

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## Archive & Audit Trail

**Stored:** `dati/trattamenti/`  
**Logged:** `log/audit_trail.md` (Event: trattamento_peronospora, timestamp, prodotto, qty, risultato)

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**Diagnosi completata:** 2026-03-XX  
**Confidence:** 0.90 (Very High)  
**Risk level:** MEDIUM (manageable with immediate action)  
**Prognosis:** Good (early intervention + ventilazione improvement)

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References

• references/malattie_trattamenti.md — Symptom database, pathogen bio, treatments, DPI, carency

Fallback & Uncertainty

Confidence	Action
> 0.85	Treat confidently (high certainty)
0.70-0.85	Recommend monitoring 3-5 gg; escalate if spreading
0.50-0.70	Suggest photo to expert; meanwhile improve conditions (ventilation, etc.)
< 0.50	DO NOT TREAT (risk harm). Get expert opinion.

Error Handling

Error	Fallback
Unknown crop/symptom combo	Query malattie_trattamenti.md; if no match, advise photo expert review
Multiple pathogens likely	List top 3 candidates with confidence scores; treat top candidate
DPI/Equipment missing	Suggest safer alternative (e.g., Bacillus instead rame if no respirator)

Assumptions

1. malattie_trattamenti.md is up-to-date with crop diseases
2. User can provide photo or detailed symptom description
3. Organic/bio treatments are preferred (no synthetic chemicals)
4. Carency periods respected (14 days before raccolta for certain treatments)

Validation Checklist

• ✓ Symptoms collected comprehensively
• ✓ Diagnostic confidence > 0.60 OR expert referred
• ✓ Treatment DPI requirements documented
• ✓ Carency periods noted for harvest safety
• ✓ Preventive schedule defined for high-risk crops
• ✓ Audit trail logged (treatment applied, results)

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Skill: orto-fitopatologo | Version 1.0 | Status: Production-Ready