orto-skills/build/orto-layout/SKILL.md

---
name: orto-layout
description: Design garden layout with raised beds, companion plantings, and zone assignments. Use when: (1) assigning crops to beds based on consociations and water-need grouping, (2) creating spatial layout (bed dimensions, pathways, accessibility), (3) grouping crops by irrigation zone (water class), (4) drawing ASCII bed maps with crop labels. Outputs: Layout markdown with bed assignments, consociation matrix, accessibility notes, zone assignments for irrigation.
---

# Orto Layout — Garden Bed Design & Companion Planting

Map crops to physical beds, apply companion planting rules, group by water zones, ensure accessibility.

## When to Use This Skill

- **After piano colture:** Crop list is finalized
- **Before irrigazione:** Need zone groupings for water scheduling
- **Space planning:** Physical layout with bed dimensions and pathways
- **Accessibility:** Ensure walkable pathways, suitable for minors/elderly if needed

## Process

### Phase 1: Extract Crop Requirements from Piano Colture

**Input:** `dati/colture/piano_colture_annuale.md`

**For each crop, collect:**
- Water class (BASSO, MEDIO, ALTO)
- Spacing (cm between plants, cm between rows)
- Sun requirement (pieno/parziale/ombra)
- Consociation groups (positive/negative matches)
- Area needed (m²) = plants × spacing_area

### Phase 2: Group by Water Zone

**Logic:**
1. **ZONA ALTA (water-intensive):** Pomodoro, Peperone, Zucchina, Melone, Basilico
2. **ZONA MEDIA:** Lattuga, Cavolo, Broccoli, Fagiolo, Carota
3. **ZONA BASSA:** Carota, Cipolla, Spinacio, Pois, Barbabietola

**Constraint:** Avoid mixing high + low in same bed (diff watering needs)

### Phase 3: Apply Companion Rules

**Consociation matrix (from colture_it.md):**

```
POSITIVE (✓):
- Pomodoro + Basilico → odore basilico repelle insetti
- Pomodoro + Carota → radici diverse (non competono)
- Fagiolo + Mais + Zucca → "Trio di sorelle" (N fixation, support, ombra)

ANTAGONISMO (✗):
- Pomodoro + Brassica → malattie compartite
- Cipolla + Fagiolo → sopprimono N fixation
- Carota + Finocchio → competizione radicale
```

**Output:** Bed grouping respecting:
1. Water zone match
2. Positive consociations when possible
3. No antagonismi in same bed
4. No same family 2+ years (rotation check with history)

### Phase 4: Layout Design

**Bed size recommendations (from colture_it.md):**
- Width: 1.0-1.5 m (reachable from sides)
- Length: 2-4 m (modular)
- Depth: 0.3-0.5 m (rialzate), or 0 (a terra)
- Pathway: 0.5 m min (accessibility)

**Example for 50 m² area:**

```
Area 50 m² → Divide in 4-5 beds + pathways

Option 1: Rialzate (4 beds)
  Each bed: 1.2m × 3m × 0.4m = 3.6 m²
  Total beds: 4 × 3.6 = 14.4 m²
  Pathway: ~5 m² (10%)
  Usable: ~14.4 m²  ← Conservative

Option 2: A terra (4 file parallele)
  Each file: 1m wide × 12m long = 12 m²
  Total: ~36 m² (usable)
  Pathway: ~8 m² (20%)

Best: Mix (2 rialzate + 2 file) = ~20-25 m² usable
```

### Phase 5: Generate Layout Map & Assignment

**Output:** `dati/layout/aiuole_dimensioni.md`

```markdown
# Layout Orto — [ORTO_ID]

**Area totale:** 50 m²  
**Area usable:** 25 m²  
**Tipologia:** 2 aiuole rialzate + 2 file a terra  

---

## Map Testuale

```
        [NORD - Sole max al mattino]

    AIUOLA A1 (Rialzata)        AIUOLA A2 (Rialzata)
    1.2m × 3m × 0.4m           1.2m × 3m × 0.4m
    ┌─────────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────────┐
    │ POD │ POD │ POD │ POD│     │ CAV │ CAV │ LAT │ LAT│
    │  +  │  +  │  +  │  + │     │ +FR │+TIM │     │    │
    │ BAS │ BAS │ BAS │ BAS│     │     │     │     │    │
    └─────────────────────┘     └─────────────────────┘
        [ZONA ALTA]              [ZONA MEDIA]
        Acqua: Daily             Acqua: 3-4x/sett

        PATHWAY 0.5m ↔

    FILA A3 (A terra)           FILA A4 (A terra)
    1m × 12m                    1m × 12m
    [CAR || CAR || CAR]         [CIP || CIP || CIP]
    [  x  || x   ||  x  ]       [  x  ||  x  ||  x ]
    [  x  || x   ||  x  ]       [  x  ||  x  ||  x ]
    [ZONA MEDIA]                [ZONA BASSA]
    Acqua: 3x/sett              Acqua: 2-3x/sett

        [SUD - Ombra pomeridiana]
```

---

## Assegnazione Aiuole Dettagliata

### AIUOLA A1 — Zona ALTA (Pomodoro + Basilico)

**Dimensioni:** 1.2m × 3m (3.6 m²)  
**Esposizione:** Pieno sole (6-8h)  
**Acqua:** ALTA (daily 60-80 min)  

**Layout (vista dall'alto):**
```
        3 metri (NORD → SUD)
    ┌─────────────────────────┐  1.2 m
    │ POD  │ POD  │ POD  │ POD │  (OVEST)
    │ 0.6m │ 0.6m │ 0.6m │ 0.6m│
    │  60cm│  60cm│  60cm│  60cm│
    │ (distanza file)          │
    │ ┌──────────────────────┐ │
    │ │BASILICO (bordure)    │ │
    │ └──────────────────────┘ │
    └─────────────────────────┘
```

**Piante:**
- Pomodoro: 4 piante (1 per colonna, distanza 60cm)
- Basilico: 4 piante (bordure, angoli e centro tra righe)
- Tutori: Bambù per pomodori (centro aiuola, 2m height)

**Consociazione:** ✓ Positiva (basilico odore repelle insects)

**Cura:** Cesellatura basilico, tutoraggio pomodoro regolare

---

### AIUOLA A2 — Zona MEDIA (Cavolo + Lattuga + Timo)

**Dimensioni:** 1.2m × 3m (3.6 m²)  
**Esposizione:** Pieno sole (6-8h)  
**Acqua:** MEDIA (3-4x/sett 40-50 min)  

**Layout:**
```
    ┌──────────────────────────┐
    │ CAV  │ CAV  │ CAV  │ CAV  │  (60cm spacing)
    │      │      │      │      │
    │ LAT  │ LAT  │ LAT  │ LAT  │  (SECOND row, 30cm spacing)
    │      │      │      │      │
    │ TIM (corners, perennial, tutor fixed)
    └──────────────────────────┘
```

**Piante:**
- Cavolo: 4 piante (60cm spacing)
- Lattuga: 8-12 piante (30cm spacing, second row)
- Timo: 2 piante (corners, permanent)

**Consociazione:** ✓ Positiva (timo + cavolo repelle; lattuga diversa root depth)

---

### FILA A3 — Zona MEDIA (Carota)

**Dimensioni:** 1m × 12m  
**Esposizione:** Pieno sole parziale (4-6h ok)  
**Acqua:** MEDIA (3x/sett 40 min)  

**Layout:**
```
Carota: 3 righe parallele (distanza 20cm)
Ogni riga: ~30 piante (spacing 5-8cm, diradare crescita)

    ┌──────────────────────────────┐
    │ C C C C C ... (30 plants)    │  Riga 1 (0-20cm)
    │                              │
    │ C C C C C ... (30 plants)    │  Riga 2 (20-40cm)
    │                              │
    │ C C C C C ... (30 plants)    │  Riga 3 (40-60cm)
    │                              │
    │ C C C C C ... (30 plants)    │  Riga 4 (60-80cm) [optional]
    └──────────────────────────────┘
```

**Succesioni:** Carota può seminare 2-3 volte (mar/mag-giu, lug-ago uscita ott)

---

### FILA A4 — Zona BASSA (Cipolla)

**Dimensioni:** 1m × 12m  
**Esposizione:** Sole parziale ok (4-6h)  
**Acqua:** BASSA (2-3x/sett 20-30 min)  

**Layout:**
```
Cipolla: 2 righe (25cm spacing tra file, 15cm tra piante)

    ┌──────────────────────────────┐
    │ O O O O O ... (40 bulbilli)  │  Riga 1
    │                              │
    │ O O O O O ... (40 bulbilli)  │  Riga 2
    └──────────────────────────────┘

Trapianto: Marzo-Aprile (bulbilli)
Raccolta: Luglio-Agosto (bulbi maturi)
```

---

## Accessibilità & Sicurezza

**Persone coinvolte:** [From CommunityProfile]
- Se minori (children): Remove toxic/irritating plants (no ruta, attenzione rovo)
- Se anziani: Rialzate preferred (no piegamento eccessivo)
- Se PMR: Pathways ≥0.7m, rialzate a 0.6-0.8m (wheel accessible)

**Pathways in layout:**
```
Main path (NORD-SUD): 0.7m wide (wheelchair OK)
Side paths (access to beds): 0.5m min
```

---

## Irrigation Zone Assignment (Summary)

| Aiuola | Zona Acqua | Baseline |
|--------|-----------|----------|
| A1 (POD+BAS) | **ALTA** | Daily 60-80 min |
| A2 (CAV+LAT) | **MEDIA** | 3-4x/sett 40-50 min |
| A3 (CAR) | **MEDIA** | 3x/sett 40 min |
| A4 (CIP) | **BASSA** | 2-3x/sett 20-30 min |

**Manifold layout:**
- Main 20mm → Split to 3 zones (ALTA, MEDIA, BASSA)
- Zone ALTA: Drip 2 l/h, Zone MEDIA: 1-2 l/h, Zone BASSA: 0.5-1 l/h

---

## Rotation Plan (Multi-Year)

**Anno 1:**
- A1: Solanaceae (Pomodoro)
- A2: Brassicaceae (Cavolo) + Asteraceae (Lattuga)
- A3: Apiaceae (Carota)
- A4: Amaryllidaceae (Cipolla)

**Anno 2 (Rotazione):**
- A1: Legume (Fagiolo) [N fixation benefit post-Solanaceae]
- A2: Apiaceae (Carota)
- A3: Amaryllidaceae (Cipolla)
- A4: Solanaceae (Pomodoro)

---

## References

- `references/colture_it.md` — Spacing, consociations, water class
- `references/consociazioni_layout.md` — Companion matrix, layout guidelines

## Assumptions

1. Piano colture crops list finalized
2. Area dimensions provided (GardenConfig)
3. Accessibility requirements from CommunityProfile
4. Sun exposure measured/estimated (GardenConfig)

## Validation Checklist

- ✓ All crops from piano colture assigned to beds
- ✓ Water zones coherent (ALTA/MEDIA/BASSA not mixed)
- ✓ Positive consociations maximized
- ✓ No antagonismi in same bed
- ✓ Accessibility pathways ≥0.5m
- ✓ Rotation plan covers 2-3 years
- ✓ Layout drawing clear and actionable

---

**Skill: orto-layout** | Version 1.0 | Status: Production-Ready