AgentePotente 7bcd874e32 feat(css_layout): add grid-by-item-count guidance

- Add .grid-6 class for 6-column layouts
- New section: Grid by Item Count with decision table
- Concrete examples for 2, 4, 6 items
- Anti-pattern warning: avoid 4 items in 3-col grid
- Prevents empty space issues in layouts

2026-03-11 18:47:05 +01:00

14 KiB

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CSS Layout — Bootstrap e Custom

Guida per creare layout responsive con Bootstrap o CSS custom.

Decisione: Bootstrap vs Custom

Usa Bootstrap Quando:

✅ Design standard (grid, cards, buttons) ✅ Progetto veloce / MVP ✅ Cliente non richiede customizzazione estrema ✅ Team piccolo, nessun designer dedicato

Usa Custom CSS Quando:

✅ Design altamente personalizzato ✅ Brand guidelines specifiche ✅ Layout non-standard / creativi ✅ Performance critica (no CSS unused)

Bootstrap Setup

CDN Setup

<head>
  <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
  <link 
    href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
    rel="stylesheet"
  >
  
  <!-- Custom CSS (override) -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/custom.css">
</head>

<body>
  <!-- Bootstrap JS (opzionale, solo se serve JS components) -->
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>

Custom CSS Override

/* css/custom.css */

:root {
  /* Override Bootstrap variables */
  --bs-primary: #005fcc;
  --bs-secondary: #6c757d;
  --bs-font-sans-serif: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --bs-body-font-size: 1rem;
  --bs-body-line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Custom styles */
.hero {
  padding: 120px 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #005fcc 0%, #003d99 100%);
  color: white;
}

.btn-primary {
  padding: 12px 32px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

Responsive Design

Breakpoints

/* Mobile-first approach */

/* Mobile: default (< 768px) */
.container {
  padding: 0 16px;
}

/* Tablet (≥ 768px) */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    padding: 0 24px;
  }
  
  .hero {
    padding: 160px 0;
  }
}

/* Desktop (≥ 1024px) */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 32px;
  }
}

/* Large Desktop (≥ 1440px) */
@media (min-width: 1440px) {
  .container {
    max-width: 1400px;
  }
}

Bootstrap Grid

<!-- Container -->
<div class="container">
  <!-- Row -->
  <div class="row">
    <!-- Mobile: 1 colonna, Tablet: 2 colonne, Desktop: 3 colonne -->
    <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
      <!-- Content -->
    </div>
    <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
      <!-- Content -->
    </div>
    <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
      <!-- Content -->
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Typography

Design Tokens

:root {
  /* Font Families */
  --font-primary: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-secondary: 'Georgia', serif;
  
  /* Font Sizes (modular scale) */
  --text-xs: 0.75rem;    /* 12px */
  --text-sm: 0.875rem;   /* 14px */
  --text-base: 1rem;     /* 16px */
  --text-lg: 1.125rem;   /* 18px */
  --text-xl: 1.25rem;    /* 20px */
  --text-2xl: 1.5rem;    /* 24px */
  --text-3xl: 1.875rem;  /* 30px */
  --text-4xl: 2.25rem;   /* 36px */
  --text-5xl: 3rem;      /* 48px */
  
  /* Font Weights */
  --font-normal: 400;
  --font-medium: 500;
  --font-semibold: 600;
  --font-bold: 700;
  
  /* Line Heights */
  --leading-tight: 1.25;
  --leading-normal: 1.5;
  --leading-relaxed: 1.75;
  
  /* Letter Spacing */
  --tracking-tight: -0.025em;
  --tracking-normal: 0;
  --tracking-wide: 0.025em;
}

/* Base Typography */
body {
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  line-height: var(--leading-normal);
  color: #1a1a1a;
}

/* Headings */
h1 {
  font-size: var(--text-5xl);
  font-weight: var(--font-bold);
  line-height: var(--leading-tight);
  letter-spacing: var(--tracking-tight);
}

h2 {
  font-size: var(--text-4xl);
  font-weight: var(--font-bold);
  line-height: var(--leading-tight);
}

h3 {
  font-size: var(--text-3xl);
  font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
  line-height: var(--leading-tight);
}

/* Responsive typography */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  h1 { font-size: var(--text-4xl); }
  h2 { font-size: var(--text-3xl); }
  h3 { font-size: var(--text-2xl); }
}

Spacing System

Scala Modulare

:root {
  --space-1: 4px;
  --space-2: 8px;
  --space-3: 12px;
  --space-4: 16px;
  --space-5: 20px;
  --space-6: 24px;
  --space-8: 32px;
  --space-10: 40px;
  --space-12: 48px;
  --space-16: 64px;
  --space-20: 80px;
  --space-24: 96px;
}

/* Section padding */
.section-padding {
  padding: var(--space-16) 0;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .section-padding {
    padding: var(--space-24) 0;
  }
}

/* Component spacing */
.card {
  padding: var(--space-6);
}

.btn {
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-6);
}

Color System

Palette

:root {
  /* Primary Brand Colors */
  --color-primary: #005fcc;
  --color-primary-dark: #003d99;
  --color-primary-light: #3385ff;
  
  /* Secondary Colors */
  --color-secondary: #6c757d;
  --color-secondary-dark: #5a6268;
  --color-secondary-light: #868e96;
  
  /* Neutrals */
  --color-white: #ffffff;
  --color-gray-50: #f9fafb;
  --color-gray-100: #f3f4f6;
  --color-gray-200: #e5e7eb;
  --color-gray-300: #d1d5db;
  --color-gray-400: #9ca3af;
  --color-gray-500: #6b7280;
  --color-gray-600: #4b5563;
  --color-gray-700: #374151;
  --color-gray-800: #1f2937;
  --color-gray-900: #111827;
  --color-black: #000000;
  
  /* Semantic Colors */
  --color-success: #10b981;
  --color-warning: #f59e0b;
  --color-error: #ef4444;
  --color-info: #3b82f6;
  
  /* Text Colors */
  --text-primary: var(--color-gray-900);
  --text-secondary: var(--color-gray-600);
  --text-muted: var(--color-gray-500);
  --text-inverse: var(--color-white);
  
  /* Background Colors */
  --bg-primary: var(--color-white);
  --bg-secondary: var(--color-gray-50);
  --bg-tertiary: var(--color-gray-100);
}

Usage

/* Text */
.text-primary { color: var(--text-primary); }
.text-secondary { color: var(--text-secondary); }
.text-muted { color: var(--text-muted); }
.text-inverse { color: var(--text-inverse); }

/* Backgrounds */
.bg-primary { background-color: var(--bg-primary); }
.bg-secondary { background-color: var(--bg-secondary); }
.bg-brand { background-color: var(--color-primary); }

/* Buttons */
.btn-primary {
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  border: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
}

Component Styles

Buttons

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 12px 32px;
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
  text-decoration: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.btn-primary {
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 95, 204, 0.3);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-primary);
  border: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-white);
}

/* Responsive buttons */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .btn {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
  }
}

Cards

.card {
  background: var(--color-white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: var(--space-6);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.card-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.card-title {
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
  font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.card-description {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

Forms

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.form-label {
  display: block;
  font-weight: var(--font-medium);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.form-control {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.form-control:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 95, 204, 0.1);
}

.form-control::placeholder {
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.form-error {
  color: var(--color-error);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  margin-top: var(--space-1);
}

Layout Patterns

Hero Section

.hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: 120px 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, var(--color-primary-dark) 100%);
  color: var(--color-white);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-content {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: var(--text-5xl);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.hero-sub {
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
  opacity: 0.9;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-8);
}

.hero-cta {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Responsive hero */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .hero {
    padding: 80px 0;
  }
  
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: var(--text-4xl);
  }
  
  .hero-sub {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
  }
}

Grid Layout

.grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-6);
}

.grid-2 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
}

.grid-3 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.grid-4 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

.grid-6 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
}

/* Responsive grid */
@media (max-width: 1023px) {
  .grid-4 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
  .grid-6 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .grid-2,
  .grid-3,
  .grid-4,
  .grid-6 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

Grid by Item Count — Scegli la Griglia Corretta

REGOLA: Usa la griglia che ospita perfettamente i tuoi elementi, senza lasciare spazi vuoti.

Elementi	Griglia Desktop	Griglia Tablet	Griglia Mobile	Esempio
2	2 colonne	2 colonne	1 colonna	2 feature, 2 testimonial
3	3 colonne	1-3 colonne*	1 colonna	3 servizi, 3 benefici
4	4 colonne → o 2 colonne x 2 righe	2 colonne x 2 righe	1 colonna	4 features, 4 loghi clienti
5	3+2 colonne asimmetrico → o 2+3	2+3 colonne	1 colonna	5 team members, 5 step
6	3 colonne x 2 righe → o 6 colonne	2 colonne x 3 righe	1 colonna	6 features, 6 servizi
7-8	4 colonne x 2 righe	2 colonne	1 colonna	8 loghi, 8 features

* Per 3 elementi: usa 3 colonne se il contenuto è corto, 1 colonna se lungo

Esempi concreti:

<!-- 2 ELEMENTI: Servizi principali -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6">Servizio 1</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6">Servizio 2</div>
</div>

<!-- 4 ELEMENTI: Feature grid (MEGLIO 2x2 che 3+1) -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3">Feature 1</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3">Feature 2</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3">Feature 3</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3">Feature 4</div>
</div>

<!-- 6 ELEMENTI: 3x2 grid (NON 3 colonne con riga incompleta) -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Item 1</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Item 2</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Item 3</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Item 4</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Item 5</div>
  <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">Item 6</div>
</div>

Anti-pattern da evitare:

❌ 4 elementi in griglia 3 colonne (lascia 1 spazio vuoto)
❌ 5 elementi in griglia 4 colonne (lascia 3 spazi vuoti)
✅ Preferisci griglia 2 colonne per 4 elementi (2x2 perfetto)

Split Layout

.split-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-12);
  align-items: center;
}

.split-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

/* Responsive split */
@media (max-width: 1023px) {
  .split-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-8);
  }
  
  .split-image {
    order: -1; /* Image first on mobile */
  }
}

Utility Classes

/* Display */
.d-none { display: none; }
.d-block { display: block; }
.d-flex { display: flex; }
.d-grid { display: grid; }
.d-inline-block { display: inline-block; }

/* Flexbox */
.flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
.flex-column { flex-direction: column; }
.justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
.justify-end { justify-content: flex-end; }
.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
.align-start { align-items: flex-start; }
.align-center { align-items: center; }
.align-end { align-items: flex-end; }
.flex-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; }
.gap-2 { gap: var(--space-2); }
.gap-4 { gap: var(--space-4); }
.gap-6 { gap: var(--space-6); }
.gap-8 { gap: var(--space-8); }

/* Text Alignment */
.text-left { text-align: left; }
.text-center { text-align: center; }
.text-right { text-align: right; }

/* Spacing */
.mt-4 { margin-top: var(--space-4); }
.mb-4 { margin-bottom: var(--space-4); }
.py-8 { padding-top: var(--space-8); padding-bottom: var(--space-8); }
.px-4 { padding-left: var(--space-4); padding-right: var(--space-4); }

/* Visibility */
.visible { visibility: visible; }
.invisible { visibility: hidden; }

Checklist Layout

Mobile-first approach
Breakpoints definiti (mobile, tablet, desktop)
Typography scale coerente
Spacing system modulare
Color palette definita
Buttons stilizzati (hover states)
Cards con shadow e hover effect
Forms accessibili e responsive
Grid system funzionante
Utility classes per layout veloci
Test su mobile/tablet/desktop

References per agency-web-developer skill

14 KiB Raw Blame History